Chapter 19 Solutions

Section 19 Completing the Audit/Postaudit Responsibilities |Learning Check | 19-1. The three classes of exercises in finishing the review are (a) finishing field work, (b) assessing the discoveries, and (c) speaking with the customer. 19-2. The exercises engaged with finishing the field work are (a) making ensuing occasions survey, (b) perusing minutes of gatherings, (c) acquiring proof concerning case, cases, and evaluations, (d) getting customer portrayal letter, and (e) performing investigative methodology. 19-3. a.Subsequent occasions are occasions that happen between the monetary record date and the issuance date of the inspector's report (which isn't equivalent to the date of the report) that may influence the fiscal summaries on which the report is rendered. The resulting occasions period reaches out from the accounting report date to the furthest limit of field chip away at the commitment. b. The sorts are: †¢ Type 1 comprises of those occasions that furnish extra proof regarding conditions that existed at the date of the accounting report and influence the evaluations inborn during the time spent planning budget summaries. Type 2 comprises of those occasions that furnish proof as for conditions that didn't exist at the date of the monetary record however emerged ensuing to that date. †¢ Type 1 occasions require change of the budget summaries. Type 2 occasions require exposure, and in extremely material cases, by appending ace structure information to the budget summaries. c. The examiner is required by GAAS to look for and to assess resulting occasions up to the date of the inspector's report, which ought to be as of the finish of field work.This obligation is released by (1) being alert for ensuing occasions in performing year-end meaningful tests after the monetary record date, and (2) performing explicit strategies at or close to the fulfillment of field work. 19-4. a. With respect to, cases, and appraisals (LCA), the evaluator ought to ge t evidential issue on †¢ The presence of a condition, circumstance, or situation demonstrating a vulnerability concerning the conceivable misfortune to a substance emerging from the LCA. The period wherein the hidden reason for legitimate activity happened. †¢ The level of likelihood of a negative result. †¢ The sum or scope of possible misfortune. b. A letter of review request is a letter sent by the board to the organization's outside legitimate guidance mentioning the legal counselor to send indicated data straightforwardly to the evaluator about LCA against the organization. The letter is the examiner's essential methods for acquiring proof about LCA. c. At the point when the legal advisor neglects to react, the examiner has an extension limitation.Depending on materiality, the reviewer will communicate either a certified sentiment or a disclaimer of supposition. 19-5. a. The goals of a â€Å"rep† letter are: (1) affirm oral portrayals given to the examiner , (2) record the proceeding with suitability of such portrayals, and (3) diminish the chance of errors concerning the board's portrayals. b. At the point when the evaluator can't acquire a rep letter or bolster an administration portrayal that is material to the budget summaries by other review methods, there is an extension limitation.Depending on materiality, the reviewer will communicate either a certified supposition or a disclaimer of sentiment 19-6. a. The targets of a general survey are to help the inspector in (1) surveying ends came to in the review and (2) assessing the budget report introduction taken all in all. b. The audit ought to be made by an individual having complete information on the customer's business and industry. Regularly, either the accomplice responsible for the review or the top director on the commitment makes the survey. c.Analytical systems performed during the last phases of the review ought to be †¢ Applied to basic review regions distinguished during the review. †¢ Based on budget report information after all review modifications and renamed arrangements have been perceived. As in different cases, the information might be contrasted with (1) expected organization results, (2) accessible industry information, and (3) important nonfinancial information. 19-7. a. The two goals in assessing the discoveries are deciding (1) the kind of sentiment to be communicated and (2) regardless of whether GAAS has been met in the review. . Four stages in meeting these destinations are: †¢ Making a last evaluation of materiality and review hazard. †¢ Making a specialized audit of fiscal reports. †¢ Formulating a conclusion and drafting the review report. †¢ Making last review(s) of the working papers. 19-8. a. The motivations behind the reviewer's last evaluation of materiality and review chance are to decide if (1) the inspector's starter decisions concerning materiality have been met and (2) review chance is at an adequate level to warrant the outflow of a conclusion. . Realized error is an uncorrected misquote in a record distinguished through considerable trial of subtleties of exchanges and equalizations. Likely misquote is the complete mistake in a record coming about because of (1) known errors, (2) anticipated uncorrected errors assessed through review inspecting strategies, and (3) evaluated errors identified through explanatory techniques and measured by other examining rocedures. Total likely error is the whole of likely misquotes in all records. 19-9. a. Proficient guidelines build up a duty regarding the examiner to assess whether there is significant uncertainty about the client’s capacity to proceed as a going worry for a sensible timeframe, not to surpass one year past the date of the budget summaries being reviewed (for the most part one year from monetary record date).Ordinarily, data that would raise generous uncertainty about the going concern supposition identifie s with the element's failure to keep on meeting its commitments as they become due without considerable mien of advantages outside the conventional course of business, rebuilding of obligation, remotely constrained updates of its activities, or comparable activities. b. The inspector regularly assesses whether there is considerable uncertainty about the client’s capacity to proceed as a going concern dependent on the aftereffects of ordinary review methods acted in arranging, in social event proof to help different review destinations, and in finishing the review. . On the off chance that the examiner infers that significant uncertainty exists, the person in question ought to think about the requirement for the accompanying divulgences: †¢ Pertinent conditions and occasions offering ascend to the appraisal of considerable uncertainty about the substance's capacity to proceed as a going worry for a sensible timeframe. †¢ The potential impacts of such conditions and o ccasions. †¢ Management's assessment of the importance of those conditions and occasions and any relieving factors. †¢ Possible discontinuance of tasks. †¢ Management's arrangements (counting pertinent forthcoming money related data). nâ 3 †¢ Information about the recoverability or order of recorded resource sums or the sums or arrangement of liabilities. d. In the event that, in the wake of thinking about recognized conditions and the executives' arrangements, the reviewer presumes that generous uncertainty about the element's capacity to proceed as a going worry for a sensible timeframe remains, the review report is regularly an unfit review sentiment with an illustrative passage about the vulnerability (following the assessment section) to mirror that conclusion.The examiner's decision about the element's capacity to proceed as a going concern ought to be communicated using the expression â€Å"substantial question about its (the entity's) capacity to procee d as a going concern. † If the evaluator reasons that the element's divulgences as for the substance's capacity to proceed as a going concern are deficient, a takeoff from proper accounting rules exists. This may result in either a certified (with the exception of) or an antagonistic conclusion. 19-10.The specialized audit of the budget reports incorporates matters relating to the structure and substance of every one of the fundamental explanations just as to required exposures. Most CPA firms utilize separate agendas for SEC and non-SEC customers. The inspector who plays out the underlying survey of the budget reports finishes the agendas. The director and accomplice accountable for the commitment (on account of an openly held customer at that point survey the agendas, an accomplice who was not an individual from the review group) audits them once more. 19-11. a. The feeling to be communicated is dictated by the accomplice responsible for the engagement.The choice is made bas ed on the discoveries made by the review group during the review. b. Proposed alterations and revelations are talked about with the customer and contrasts are settled. Conventionally, understanding is reached and an inadequate supposition can be communicated. 19-12. a. The essential commentators and the idea of their audits are: |Reviewer |Nature of Review | |Manager |Reviews working papers arranged by seniors and surveys a few or the entirety of the working | |papers explored by seniors. |Partner in control |Reviews working papers arranged by chiefs and audits other working papers on a | |of commitment |selective premise. | b. The commitment accomplice's audit of the working papers is intended to get affirmation that †¢ The work done by subordinates has been exact and exhaustive. †¢ The decisions practiced by subordinates were sensible and suitable in the conditions. †¢ The review commitment has been finished as per the conditions and terms indicated in the commitmen t letter. All critical bookkeeping, reviewing, and revealing inquiries raised during the review have been appropriately settled. †¢ The working papers bolster the inspector's sentiment. †¢ Generally acknowledged evaluating norms and the company's quality control arrangements and strategies have b

A Penetrating Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Penetrating Analysis - Case Study Example The overseer had put away his administrator secret word on his cell phone and had left the telephone unattended in his office. Around then he had not understood that his versatile had been messed with or that anybody had recovered the administrator secret word and client name from it. Around fourteen days after the fact, an infection was transferred to the organization's server and viably destroyed all worker data. Examinations concerning the assault revealed proof from the information dump and the syslog documents which demonstrated that the infection had been straightforwardly transferred from inside the association by the manager himself. In any event, the username and the secret word the assailant had entered to get to the organization's server were the administrator's. Further examinations uncovered the secret phrase burglary occurrence and distinguished the assailant as a disappointed IT worker, who had quite recently been notified by the overseer. The worker being referred to was, obviously, terminated and legitimate measures were taken against him. The representative records, after the speculation of impressive exertion and time by the IT office, were recovered. The seThe security episode depicted in the abovementioned, includes a pernicious assault whose potential for harm was critical. The assailant constrained himself to the transferred of an infection at the same time, then again, he could have recovered organization data which was of incentive to contenders, for example, customer records and a recommendation that the organization was assembling, around then, for an offer. The outcomes, as it were, could have been more harming than they at last were, not on the grounds that the organization's system security framework was successful but since the aggressor's objective was restricted to the transferring of the infection being referred to. Reflecting upon the security occurrence laid out in the past, it is obvious that the system executive was to blame. Secret word data ought to be defended as keys to a vault seem to be, to the extent that they are the keys to an enterprise's operational hub and abuse can possibly unleash huge harm on a partnership. The second security occurrence which the organization faced was substantially more genuine and happened as an immediate result of a powerlessness in the Cisco switch which the organization had introduced. Obviously, Cisco IOS had a security gap which the organization was attempting to determine through a product fix. Cisco had educated its IOS clients that they would need to download and introduce the new programming however had not referenced the security gap. In this way, my organization and the IT division were, as the case with the endless of organizations which utilized IOS over the world, ignorant of the nearness of a security gap. Numerous criminal programmers, be that as it may, were and Cisco just let it be known at an a lot later date (Zetter, 2005). Misuse of this specific security gap didn't mean, as the system executive clarified, that a programmer could enter the corporate system however that he/she could both alter the information and control the information stream. This is definitely what occurred. The switch secret key was changed, money related records were altered and two requests for budgetary exchanges were sent by the Financial Director to a seaward bank

7 Tips and Tricks for Finding Job Openings

7 Tips and Tricks for Finding Job Openings Many people say that the hardest part about getting a job is having to undergo the often stressful recruitment process, where the applicant has to undergo a battery of tests and interviews to evaluate their suitability for the job they are applying for.In the real world, however, that is not the only hurdle that must be faced by jobseekers. In fact, the struggle starts earlier than that, when job seekers are looking for jobs. © Shutterstock.com | steigeleIn this guide, we explore the difficulties involved in a job search and the 8 most important tips for finding more relevant jobs.DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED IN A JOB SEARCHIf searching for a job is easy, then everyone would be gainfully employed, and everyone would be content and happy with their current jobs. Sadly, that is not the case and, every year, the unemployment and underemployment rates serve as proof of that reality.Career development experts and advisors have identified several reasons why jobseekers are having an unsuccessful run when it comes to searching for job openings. Most of these reasons, it appears, have less to do with the actual existence of job openings and more to do with the approach of the jobseeker in finding them.There is no tried and tested method on how you can be the first to know about the latest or most recent job openings. The primary rule, however, is to keep your eyes and ears peeled for any morsel â€" no matter how small â€" of information that may come your way. Here are some more tips and tricks that you can use in looking for, and finding, job openings.THE MOST HELPFUL TIPS ON FINDING RELEVANT JOBSTip #1: You have to look in the right places.You may have devoted a substantial chunk of your time looking for job openings, but are you sure that you are looking in the right places? You may not realize it, but you are probably wasting most, if not all, of your time looking in places where you will never have hope of finding even a single job opening.Newspapers and publicationsThe first and most obvious place that jobseekers go to when looking for a job are the job ads published in the Classified Ads sections of newspapers and magazines. There are even magazines and publications that are solely devoted to job postings and other classifieds. Check the local paper, or even the newspapers of national circulation if you are willing to look for work that will require you to relocate clear across the country .Did you know that newspapers, especially the large-circulation ones, also have their own websites? This means that any news item that may not make it in the published hard copies may be uploaded on their news site instead. You can also check out their websites for job classifieds that they may have skipped over in their published issues. And this brings us to the next place to look for job openings in….Online job boards and career websitesAlthough newspaper ads for job postings are still used today, more and more people are using online job sites and job boards on the internet to look for openings. There are the traditional job boards, or those online job sites that have started the trend (like CareerBuilder and Monster.com), and there are also the specialty job boards, which are essentially niche job boards that are tailored to serve specific industries or groups.There are several large and established career websites today that provide this service.General job sites, which carr y job postings across industries and fields. Examples are:CareerBuilder â€" Find employers, or let them find you. That’s what CareerBuilder offers. Jobseekers can add their resume in the database, and the system will move things along by providing job recommendations.Indeed â€" Indeed works just like Google, with a search engine that will be used by jobseekers to look for job openings. It aggregates information across company listings and job boards, so a single search can get more results. The filter feature allows jobseekers to narrow down their search, depending on preferred criteria.SimplyHired â€" Another search engine-like job site, SimplyHired features integration with LinkedIn, allowing jobseekers to display their LinkedIn connections to each job. Jobseekers can search by job title, location, and even salary estimates.Industry-specific job sites. These niche job sites focus on specific industries or areas of specialization. Some examples are:FinancialJobBank, which special izes in accounting and finance jobsAuthentic Jobs, which specializes in jobs for design, tech and web professionalsHealthcareJobsite, which specializes in careers in the medical and healthcare fieldMediabistro, which specializes in postings for media professionalsGeographic-specific job sites, or sites that carry postings specific to a certain city, region or country.Part-time and freelance job sites, such as:Snagajob, which contains job postings for work or jobs performed and paid on an hourly basisFreelancer, which contains postings for various freelance and remote jobsWhat many jobseekers fail to realize is that advertised job openings are not the only job leads that they can find and take advantage of. In fact, there are just as many job openings that are not officially advertised.[slideshare id=26382265doc=howtofindyourdreamjob-130920081208-phpapp01w=710h=400]Networking and referralsJobseekers avoid networking for their job search mainly because of the feeling that they are usi ng other people. In this context, they are using other people in order to learn about job leads. What they fail to realize is that networking is a give-and-take relationship, where all members of the network benefit from each other.Networking is, first and foremost, about establishing relationships and, through these relationships, network members may mutually benefit from shared ideas and advice. It is often referred to as “making connections”, and that would not be wrong although, admittedly, it has acquired a negative connotation of late. When done properly, however, networking is one of the best tools for one to advance their careers.Companies that opt out of advertising job postings may prefer getting their current employees to actively join in the search for new employees. To encourage employee participation, they will offer incentives to those who are able to refer a candidate that matches the job. This is why it is a good idea to include in your network employees of the companies that you are eyeing to join. Once they are made aware of a vacancy or open position in their company, you are likely to be one of the first to know about it.Many people have found their jobs through word-of-mouth or getting referrals, and these referrals are results of successful networking. If you play your cards right, and you devote just the right amount of time and effort into it, you may also find job openings through your network.Never forget that networking requires personal interaction. You have to put yourself out there and let it be known that you are available, and are looking, for a job. If you remain in your comfort zone, never stepping out of your house, then do not expect to be able to find job opening any time soon.Networking is a lot of work, and networks take time to become solid or stable. You also have to make sure that you nurture these relationships, even when you think you will not benefit from them in the near or immediate future. Touch base with th em from time to time, and always remind them that, hey, you exist.Job fairsFrom time to time, job fairs are conducted by organizations and even government agencies. This is where companies and employers converge in one place to conduct screening and hiring activities for open positions in their organizations. Jobseekers go to these job fairs, armed with their resumes, to look for job openings that match their skills and qualifications.If you are going to attend a job fair to look for job openings, make sure that you are already prepared. You should have identified the employers that will attend the job fair, so you won’t have a hard time going around the venue, looking for which company to check out and submit your resume to.This will cut down a lot on time, and won’t tire you out needlessly. That way, you will be in your best form when you sit down for an interview with the representative sent by the hiring company.Professional or trade organizationsEvents that are organized by professional and trade organizations are ideal places to network. Here, you can meet people that can give you advice and information on possible job openings. However, networking is not the only thing you can do.Check the professional or trade organization that your career field belongs to. With this, you will find out if they have job posting programs, or even resume exchange programs. Companies also often prefer to publish their job openings in collaboration with these professional or trade organizations, especially if they belong in the same industry or field.There are also several professional organizations that maintain their own job boards and job sites, but they limit membership and access to members. Make sure that you enroll for membership in these organizations so you can get the benefits of being one, including access to their job board.Company websitesIt is also a great idea to go directly to the website of each company or corporations and check out its career, jobs, or human resources pages. Companies that have their own websites often bypass the traditional method of posting job ads in publications and job boards because they already have their own space to put their job postings in.The great thing about finding job postings in company websites is that jobseekers will be given a lot of information on the job and the company, which will then aid them when they are preparing their resume to tailor it to the company. Alternatively, you can look up thousands of companies here on Cleverism.Colleges, universities and alumni officesCompanies that want to recruit talented people often provide job postings in colleges, universities and alumni offices, which make them good places to look for job openings. These are also good places to network, since the people at alumni offices may know about certain job openings that you will be qualified for.Some college students, even before graduating, start looking for job opportunities in the employment or alumni of fices of their universities. After graduating, they still turn to this source for job possibilities, knowing that they will have better chances of connecting with employers and companies looking for specialized people to occupy positions in their organization. Luckily, many colleges and universities now offer career service assistance to their alumni, and this often includes providing listings of job vacancies.Alumni associations are also excellent networks. People who went to the same school have a natural inclination to favor or think about other people from the same institution, so when they catch wind of job openings, they know who to contact first. By becoming active in your alumni organization, you will definitely be able to strengthen this connection.Head hunters and recruitment agenciesRecruiters and headhunters are service providers that jobseekers go to when they are having difficulty finding job openings. Many companies and firms go to recruiters and headhunters to do the recruitment process for them.They are paid to look for people who match the job description of the open positions in their company. By getting yourself noticed by these headhunters or recruiters, you have a greater chance of being the first on their list when trying to match candidates to open positions.When picking a recruiter or head hunter, you have to do your research. Choose someone who is connected or, or affiliated with reputable companies, especially those companies that you are eyeing as your future employer. Cold callingIf you can’t find any information on the job listings, why not directly ask for them? Cold calling, or directly contacting companies, recruiters and employers to inquire about any upcoming or anticipated job openings or vacancies is still seen as a good way to find job possibilities.This method is actually not a bad idea at all, since you may also ask further questions and clarifications about the job, getting details that may help you when you will prep are your resume to apply for that position.If you use this method, do not expect everything to be all rosy and positive. Some companies may not take too kindly on anyone asking them directly, so reception may not be as warm as you’d want or expect.Temping or internshipsHave you ever wondered why many people opt to work for a company as a temp or an intern, getting very little to no pay? That is most likely because they want to be in the loop once a position opens. Similarly, by doing volunteer work in organizations, you are also opening yourself up to possibilities of working in that field in the future.For example, an applicant with a nursing background may choose to provide volunteer work in several healthcare facilities. At the same time, he will be keeping an eye and ear out for any job opening in these facilities.Walking aroundAnd I mean this in the most literal sense. Be prepared to hit the pavement. Spend time walking around the city, visiting business and commercial areas, personally dropping by the offices of the companies you want to work for. You may find job postings in their bulletin boards that they do not bother posting online, or advertising in the dailies.An advantage of this method is that you are able to gather firsthand information about the job opening once you spot it. You are already in the area, you might as well ask about it. Once you go home, you can focus on writing a resume that will target that job opening that you just saw.Tip #2: Devote a lot of time on your job-hunt.If possible, we suggest you make it a full-time endeavor. Jobseekers often complain about being unable to find jobs, even if they have been at it for months already. Then, when they look back to reassess how much time and effort they devoted to their job-hunting activities, it turns out that they are performed intermittently, or only when they have “free time”.This may not be too much of an issue with unemployed individuals, or those who are in between jobs. Th ey have a lot of time on their hands, and they can search for jobs on a full-time basis, as if it is already their job to do so.Quintessential Careers founder Dr. Randall S. Hansen suggested that you should put as much time as you can into the job hunt. If you are a student, or are already working but still want to look for a better job, it is a given that your time for job-searching will be limited.That’s all right. You may not be able to do a job-hunt full-time, but you have to make sure that you devote a lot of your free time to it. In fact, if you can, any time that you are not preoccupied by school work or your current job should be allotted for your job-hunting activities.Tip #3: Avoid the blanket or scattershot approach in searching for a job.Are you one of those people who apply to as many jobs and as many employers as they can, sending their resumes to multiple recipients and crossing your fingers that any one of them will call you back for an interview? Do you prefer sen ding a “blanket mail shot” to multiple companies?This scattershot or blanket approach may work for some, but if you look at it closely, you may end up wasting your time, energy and resources. Say, for example, that you applied for multiple open positions in a single company, when you are not even qualified for any one of them. This approach of blindly applying anywhere will only tire you out and frustrate you even more, especially when none of them gets back at you.You have to have a specific strategy in place, and the best strategy in a job search is to find one that is a close match with your skills and qualifications. At least, in this instance, you will have an actual chance of being considered for an interview down the line, as opposed to applying to any random position as long as it is open.Tip #4: Use online and other tools to find hidden postings.Some job postings are not laid out in black and white for all and sundry to see. In many instances, the jobseeker has to dig d eeper and look beneath the surface for these hidden postings. Fortunately, there are some tools and methods that may be employed in order to find such postings.An example is the use of advanced search operators. These search operators provide results that are more targeted than a simple keyword search on Google will give you.Using Google Alerts is also one way of getting notified about job opportunities. Tweak your settings so that you will receive regular email notifications about events and other significant news about employment opportunities in your area or industry.Of late, apps have become very helpful in practically anything and everything and, yes, they have also become very useful in aiding job searches. Here are some of the best job search apps out there:SWITCH â€" One good thing about this app is how it connects employers and jobseekers in minutes, seconds even! Jobseekers will only have to go through the list of jobs, swiping on the ones they like, and wait for the app t o match them. Once they are matched, they can connect with the hiring managers instantly, thanks to the online chat feature of the app.JobR â€" This mobile job search app gives jobseekers access to mobile listings of job openings. They choose the openings they are interested in, and send in their Resume, and the app will connect them with the hiring manager or employer.Watch this interesting talk by Laura. Tip #5:  Utilize “Advanced” search to its fullest.You see a search bar, you type in a phrase describing the job you are looking for, and click “Search”. The page refreshes to let you know that there are no results or matches found.Then you give up, and do another search.Wait, you’re not looking hard enough. Maybe there is an “Advanced Search” facility in there somewhere. Do you see it? You do? Then use it.Conducting advanced job searches may get you the results that a surface search cannot. In these advanced job searches, you may be asked for more job search criteria , including fields such as keywords, locations, job family or industry, nature of the job (part-time or full-time), and even the time of posting. By using these advanced search criteria, you might find job openings that you have missed the first time around.Tip #6: Make social media work for you.Social media platforms have grown in recent years. Primarily developed to connect people through the internet, they now serve many uses, and that includes being an avenue for locating job postings.Many companies now include job postings and other recruitment-related activities in their social media account, and many jobseekers are doing the same, conducting their active job hunt through their own social media pages. Some of the most commonly used social media platforms for job hunts are LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook.The social network LinkedIn is exclusively devoted to matters on career development, which is why this is a good place to find news about employment opportunities. Create a Link edIn account today, and maintain it by updating your profile with your skills, qualifications and contact information. Think of this as an online resume, where you will also get to have potential employers find you.In Twitter, for example, if you already have an account, you can get started by using the Follow button to follow people in your field or industry, and in the organizations that you would like to work for. These people are likely to tweet about job openings in their organizations once they come up, and following them ensures that you will be one of those people who will find out about it the moment they make the announcement.It is the same thing in Facebook. Companies and their employees have their own pages that you can follow, so that any posts or updates they make will appear on your timeline. You will receive a notification about any announcement they make regarding job openings.Hashtags are also becoming more useful in job searches. Some of the most popular hashtags that you can utilize in social media platforms (and in the worldwide web, in general) that can help you find job openings are #Hiring, #NowHiring, #Jobs, #JopOpening, and #JobPosting, among others. They may even be industry-specific, such as #ITJobs, #Marketing, and #Freelance.But it doesn’t stop there. Just because you followed all the right people does not mean that the opportunities will immediately present themselves. You also have to be active. Share or retweet any advice, words of wisdom, quotes, news and other information that are relevant to the industry you are in, or the industry you want to be in.Make some friends. Let them get to know you better. This way, when they have insider info on job openings, you will be one of the first that will come to their mind. They may even make personalized tweets or messages to you about the job openings.Tip #7: Do not rely entirely on one method; mix them up.Jobseekers think that they have done all they could once they have submitted or uploaded their resumes on the job boards or career website, and now all they have to do is wait for employers to find their resumes and call them up.Just posting your resume on a number of job boards does not mean that the employers will be falling all over themselves to contact you. Besides, it is you, the jobseeker, who will go to them, and not the other way around. (It may be a different story if the candidate has such excellent and topnotch credentials companies will be racing to get to him first)Mix up your job search methods. Post your resume on online job boards. Browse through company websites and email them your resume. Continue networking with other key people in the industry you want to belong to.Consider how companies do not use only one method of announcing job openings in their ranks. Aside from making a job posting in the company website, it may also pay the local newspaper to run their job ad for five straight days or even weeks. It may also encourage its current employees to refer individuals they deem would be a great fit to the position. They are mixing things up in their employee search, so you should also do the same.Tip #8: Learn the art of “follow-up”.Many applicants fail to follow up with the employer after they have submitted their application letter and resume. They assume that, after a couple of weeks of silence, they did not make the cut, and they should simply move on and apply somewhere else.Newsflash: this may be a test. Some companies may give you points for following up with them within a designated period from submission of your application. Failing to do so may signify that you are not really interested in the job opening.One reason why many jobseekers do not follow up is because they are afraid it may make them appear too eager or, worse, aggressive. It is all in the delivery. Conducting the follow up in a professional manner will help in avoiding the employer from having that impression of you.

Anne Moody s Coming Of Age - 881 Words

â€Å"Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. New York: Dial, 1968. Print.† Anne Moody was a determined, educated, and an inspiring civil rights activist who was born in Gloster, Mississippi. Born on September 15th, 1940-passed away February 5th, 2015 Anne Moody dedicated her life to making the United States a better place for not only African American’s, but pleaded for equality amongst all races as well. Awarded best book of the year in 1969 by the National Library Association, Anne Moody writes her autobiography â€Å"Coming of Age in Mississippi† is an effort to inform her readers about her journey throughout life as an adolescent living in the rural grounds of Gloster, Mississippi, to her times of adulthood working as a subsequent civil rights activist in New York. Anne Moody shares with us the chilling details on why she became a civil rights activist and growing up as a colored female during a time of racial segregation, and humiliation; Along with m any other personal experiences, such as losing her childhood friend, and living in a one parent home that puts an intense strain amongst her family’s’ poverty. Coming of Age in Mississippi’s overall message that Moody wanted her readers to receive is how her anger from growing up in a poor and segregated environment pushes her to do all that she can to change the unfair treatment that African Americans were forced to live with. Rather than living as a victim under racial inequality she chooses to take a stand, and become anShow MoreRelatedAnne Moody s Coming Of Age1189 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody is the author of Coming of Age in Mississippi which was originally published in 1968. Anne Moody is a famous African American Mississippi author who was born in Wilkinson County, Mississippi on September 15, 1940. She was the eldest of nine children born to Fred and Elnire Moody. While growing up in Mississippi, Moody attended a segregated school where she was an outstanding scholar. Moody cleaned houses in order to keep food on the table and clothes on her family members’ backs. In 1961Read MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story, Anne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi, Anne known as Essie Mae found out the meaning of racism at a young age and also see or heard what whites do to black people if they did not like what they was doing. She did not know that whites and blacks had their own place to sit and eat or why whites went to one school and blacks went to another. She just assumes that whites went to the school that was close to their neighborhood, but Essie Mae experience her first meaning of segregationRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age Essay1826 Words   |  8 PagesHIST278 Essay One - Joseph Malthus, 42863655 Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi is a story of a black girl growing up in the American Deep South during the development of the Civil Rights Movement. Moody notices the racism that envelops her life and attempts to understand why it exists, despite the absence of reasonable grounding. Suffocating under the restrictions and fear caused by systematic racism, she ultimately decides to become an activist, and takes an active role in demanding equalityRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody, a black activist in the twentieth century, wrote an autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, which illustrated how life was like growing up poor and black in the rural south. She wrote in details of her life living in the racist society and what it meant to be black in the South twentieth century. Readers were able to understand her personal thoughts as well as her memories of the fight growing up in the south and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. Moody grew up with aRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age During Mississippi And Non Violent Vs. Violent Protest For Civil Rights1640 Words   |  7 PagesSamuel Conner Professor M. Du Bois HIST1025-002 October 30, 2015 Dreamers Instead of Leaders: Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi and Non-Violent vs. Violent Protest for Civil Rights The American Civil Rights Movement in the late 1950s and 1960s generated massive international following and controversy, which made the movement one of the most important in U.S. history. The movement’s legacy can still be felt today, with the positive aspects, such as voting rights to African Americans and wideRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1362 Words   |  6 Pages Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay Fredric Stanley HIST 3881 Professor James Conway 7 November 2015 â€Æ' Though we Americans, in all of our efforts, feel as if the day of racism is coming to an end, I feel it is merely evolving into a much more subtle approach. Seeing life through the words of Anne Moody in her book entitled, Coming of Age in Mississippi, shows that racism, even back then, is treated with remedies versus a cure. After the many anti-discrimination legislations passed as well asRead More Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody Essay examples1005 Words   |  5 PagesComing of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The autobiography Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody is the story of her life as a poor black girl growing into adulthood. Moody chose to start at the beginning - when she was four-years-old, the child of poor sharecroppers working for a white farmer. She overcomes obstacles such as discrimination and hunger as she struggles to survive childhood in one of the most racially discriminated states in America. In telling the story of her lifeRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn the autobiography â€Å"Coming of age in Mississippi† by Anne Moody known as Essie Mae in the book she writes in great detail the struggles her and other people of her color had to go through in order to gain their rights. From such a young age she saw the differences in the way people of color were treated in comparison to whites, things that no one should go through much less a kid. From the beginning you see that Essie Mae i s such a brilliant kid and all the trials she goes through and the knowledgeRead More Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay example639 Words   |  3 Pages The first main event that I believe led to Anne Moody becoming an activist for Civil Rights was when she was younger, her cousin George Lee was babysitting and he burned down the house in a fit of rage and when Daddy gets home he blames it on Essie Mae (Anne Moody). This foreshadows all of life’s injustices that will be thrown her way. The next time was when she made friends with white neighbors and they decided to go to the movies, Anne couldn’t sit with her friends, she had to sit in the balconyRead More Anne Moodys Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moodys Coming of Age in Mississippi Coming of Age in Mississippi is the amazing story of Anne Moodys unbreakable spirit and character throughout the first twenty-three years of her life. Time and time again she speaks of unthinkable odds and conditions and how she manages to keep excelling in her aspirations, yet she ends the book with a tone of hesitation, fear, and skepticism. While she continually fought the tide of society and her elders, suddenly in the end she is speaking as

How to Use the Spanish Verb Faltar to Indicate Absence or Lack

Faltar carries with it the idea of lacking. But it is used in a variety of ways where to lack isnt the best translation. Here are some of its most common uses. Fast Facts Faltar typically is used to state that something is missing, lacking, nonexistent, or not available.An indirect object can be used to indicate who is affected by the lack or absence.Faltar is used much more flexibly than lack and other English equivalents, so a wide variety of translations is possible depending on the context. Faltar to Indicate Absence or Nonexistence Possible translations of faltar include to be absent and to be missing as well as a simple statement of nonexistence: A la reunià ³n faltaron los representantes de Ecuador. (The representatives of Ecuador were absent from the meeting. The representatives of Ecuador were not at the meeting.)La mujer faltaba de su hogar desde hace cuatro dà ­as y era buscada intensamente por sus familiares. (The woman was missing from her home since four days ago and was intensively searched for by her relatives.)El martes de la semana pasada, Sabrina faltà ³ a la escuela sin avisar a sus padres. (On Tuesday of last week, Sabrina missed school without telling her parents.) Faltar With Indirect Pronouns In many situations, faltar is used with an indirect-object pronoun to state who or what is affected by the lack or absence of something. In this usage, faltar functions much like gustar. The indirect-object pronoun is in boldface in the following examples. Although lack can almost always be used in translation, other possibilities include need, to be short and so on. As is the case with gustar, the noun represented by the indirect-object pronoun often serves as the subject of the sentence in translation. A esta receta le falta un ingrediente principal. (This recipe lacks a main ingredient.)Nos faltan dos personas para reservar el cuarto de hotel. (We need two more people to reserve the hotel room.)A este pobre le falta una pierna. (This poor man is missing a leg.)Sà ³lo me falta el telà ©fono. (Im missing only my telephone. I have everything I need except for my telephone.) ¿Cuà ¡ntos puntos me faltan para llegar al nivel segundo? (How many points do I need to arrive at the second level?)Te falta estudiarlo un poco mà ¡s. (You need to study it a little more.)Hay 10 secretos que te faltarà ¡n saber de Guatemala. (There are 10 secrets you will need to know about Guatemala.)Me falta agua en el radiador. (I need water in the radiator.) Faltar to Indicate What Remains Somewhat paradoxically for English speakers, faltar is often used to indicate what remains in anticipation of an event or situation. The construction used in these instances typically is optional pronoun faltar what remains para the goal. Faltan cinco dà ­as para Navidad. (Five days remain until Christmas. There are five days to go until Christmas.)Faltaban dos segundos para terminar el juego. (There were two seconds to go to end the game.)Te faltan 100 pesos para comprarlo. (You need 100 pesos more to buy it.)A à ©l le faltaban tres horas para la medianoche. (He had three hours remaining until midnight.) Faltar A to Indicate Lack of Heed The phrase faltar a can be used to indicate the lack of attention or respect to the object of the preposition a. Es una promesa,  ¡y nunca falto a mis promesas! (Thats a promise, and I never break my promises!)Es tonto pensar que ella faltarà ­a a un evento como ese. (Its silly to think that she would not attend an event such as that.)La escritora jamà ¡s faltaba a las reuniones de lunes. (The writer never missed the Monday meetings.) Expressions Using Faltar Expressions and phrases that use faltar include: Faltar al respeto, to be disrespectful. ¡Lo que faltaba! Its all I needed! ¡No faltarà ­a mà ¡s! Of course! Obviously! Dont mention it!Faltar a la verdad, to be dishonest.Faltar tiempo, to be short of time. Conjugation of Faltar Faltar is conjugated regularly, following the pattern of hablar. Etymology of Faltar As you might have guessed, is etymologically related to the English word fault. Both fault and faltar come from the Latin verb fallere, which meant to deceive or disappoint. Other Spanish words derived from fallere include fallar (to fail or disappoint), falla (defect), and falso (false). Related English words include fail, failure, and false.

Policing Function Free Essays

Policing Function University of Phoenix CJ/394 – Criminal Organizations SC11BCJ06 February 13th, 2013 Policing Law enforcement in the United States is a very unique component of the criminal justice system. Police Officers are thought to be the guardians of the gate; however, there are different levels of law enforcement that police cities, counties, and states. Law enforcement is broken down into different agencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Policing Function or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Grant and Terry (2008, p. 3-15) four levels of law enforcement exist in the United States; Most cities and counties have their own municipal and county law enforcement agencies which include city police and sheriff departments such as the Los Angeles Police Department and the Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department. Each state has its level of law enforcement as well; example of state law enforcement agencies include the California Highway Patrol and the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG) Warden. On the federal level agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) are accountable for all federal jurisdiction. Briefly, this report will outline the various perspectives of policing as they apply to the various agencies of law enforcement in the United States. Since the inception of the United States common laws, rules, and regulations have been enacted to preserve society; this report will identify and outline possible changes in current laws. In addition, the impact of possible changes as they apply to policing will be underlined. Levels of Policing Municipal and County As mentioned earlier, law enforcement in the United States is broken up to different levels and categories. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2013), United States local law enforcement makes up two-thirds of 18,000 law enforcement agencies. The first level of policing consist of the municipal and county law enforcement agencies. The aforementioned level of law enforcement is the majority of policing in the United States. Local and county law enforcement officials are by far the most depended on agency in society throughout the United States. Municipal law enforcement agencies are often seen patrolling neighborhoods, responding to calls for service or enforcing traffic laws. According to Grant and Terry (2008, p. 13), â€Å"Large local law enforcement agencies often are responsible for investigating serious violent and property crimes in their jurisdictions, compared to half of state agencies (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2000). In addition to the many duties that are bestowed on to the police, local law enforcement is called upon for non-emergency and non-essential law enforcement needs. An example of the aforementioned is a call for service because a cat is stuck in a tree; again the call is non-emergency, however it is a call for service that officers respond to daily. County level policing usually consists of the Sheriff’s Department; however, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 13) suggest some cou nties do have a larger police force that would account for the jurisdiction of a county. Grant and Terry (2008, p. 13) state, â€Å"in some jurisdictions this office is dissolved into a county police force that functions much the same as municipal police. † Typically the Sheriff’s Office assumes jurisdiction in larger unincorporated areas; the scope of their duties revolve around enforcing court orders, court summons, or working the county jails. In some counties, the Sheriff’s Department’s functioning purpose is to provide police services much like a regular police agency, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 13-14). Grant and Terry (2008, p. 14) states, â€Å"In some jurisdictions, the sheriff’s office is entirely law enforcement focused, with no other responsibilities. † State In addition to the local and county police, each state has its own category of law enforcement. In the state of California the following agencies serve as a component in law enforcement: the California Highway Patrol (CHP), the Department of Fish and Game (Warden), California Lottery Security and Law Enforcement. State Law enforcement agencies are capable of arresting and xecuting search warrants, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 14). Other functions of state level policing include state investigations, collaboration with local and county law enforcement agencies, highway traffic enforcement and investigations, and enforcing state laws. Essentially, law enforcement on the state level may conduct basic law enforcement duties; however, most state police agencies are specific such as the CHP or the California Lottery Security and Law Enforcement. Federal Federal law enforcement includes agencies such as the FBI, DEA, and the ATF. In general federal law enforcement agencies can only enforce federal laws, where as local and state law enforcement agencies have jurisdiction over local and states matters, per Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 15). In 2002, the Homeland Security Act was enacted; said act recognized multiple federal law enforcement agencies as part of the new Department of Homeland Security. Prior to the aforementioned act two major federal agencies were prevalent in law enforcement: the Department of Justice and the Department of Treasury, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 15). Some federal policing duties include the following: investigations, inspections, federal court, security, and protection. Changes Among the many changing laws in the United States, there are a few that could prove to be an immense impact on society, more so on policing. The recent proposal for tougher gun laws and the use of advanced technology to police society seem to be on the horizon for today’s society. On December 14th, 2012, Adam Lanza, the shooter in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting murdered twenty children and six adults; Lanza used an â€Å"assault rifle† and some other weapons to carry out the aforementioned crime. Since the Sandy Hook incident the push for tougher gun laws has been proposed, thus causing a split in society. Currently the proposal is for a ban on â€Å"assault rifles† and ammunition sales. Some of the issues revolve around identifying certain weapons as assault weapons and limiting the amount of bullets allowed in a magazine. The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution states, â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† Cornell University Law School (n. d. ). Historically, it has been proven that criminals don’t abide by the rules set forth in society. Should a tougher gun law or an assault weapons ban be imposed, the Second Amendment will be infringed on. Currently, society is split on wanting tougher gun laws; however, the other half are supportive of their right to bear arms and weapons ownership. One may wonder how this may pose as a challenge in the future of policing. The fact of the matter is law enforcement is meeting that challenge in today’s society; they are being asked to comply with a movement of recovering weapons from the streets and from responsible owners. The positive outcome from the aforementioned action revolves around recovering unwanted and potentially dangerous weapons; however, contrary to making society a safer place, the aforementioned action also promotes an opportunity for criminals to capitalize on. One should consider the negative result of not being able to have more than eight bullets, much less not owning a gun for protection. Criminals do not abide by the rules and regulations that have been enacted, thus there lack of concern for others. Considering the aforementioned point, the rise is crime, specifically violent crimes such as robbery, assault with deadly weapons, murder, and home invasions are all very possible. It is possible for the police to be understaffed while trying to combat the forecasted spike in crime. In addition, lots of innocent people could potentially be harmed or killed. Technology The recent proposal for using unmanned drones to assist police officers in the field is being met with mixed emotions as well. Many citizens feel as if their Constitutional rights are being violated; particularly the Fourth Amendment in the United States Constitution. Unmanned Drones also known as Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAV) would assist the police departments in field operations as they fly around and provide vital real time information giving law enforcement the edge on crime fighting. The issue that arises centers around the government violating the Fourth Amendment; having the UAV fly around in a large city such as Los Angeles makes many citizens wonder if the police are using this for actual police work as opposed to randomly checking on them for non-policing monitoring. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution suggests United States citizens should be secure in heir own person and home; in addition that Amendment also include their personal papers and effects shall be free of unreasonable search or seizure from the government, and no warrant issued without probable cause. With a UAV flying around the city it is safe to assume many citizens will feel violated. In the future this will most definitely be an asset to law enforcem ent; however, it will come at the cost of freedom, privacy, and trust in law enforcement. Conclusion In this report the author briefly outlined the different levels of law enforcement in the United States. Each level of policing has certain function within society, from the local and county level to the federal level. Though every level has different functions throughout law enforcement, they still seem to provide basic services in regards to policing; in addition, all levels collaborate amongst themselves to help combat crime and provide solutions to preserve peace and a sense of security in society. Furthermore, two examples of current laws have been expanded on, giving a forecast of how they will change and impact law enforcement in the future. References Cornell University Law Shcool: Second Amendment. (n. d. ). Retrieved fromhttp://www. law. cornell. edu/constitution/second_amendment Cornell University Law Shcool: Fourth Amendment. (n. d. ). Retrieved fromhttp://www. law. cornell. edu/constitution/fourth_amendment Grant, H. B. , Terry, K. J. (2008). Law Enforcement in the 21st Century (2nd ed. ). Retrievedfrom The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Local Police. (2013). Retrieved fromhttp://bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/index. cfm? ty=tptid=71 How to cite Policing Function, Papers

Lord of the Flies †Chapter Summaries Essay Thesis Example For Students

Lord of the Flies – Chapter Summaries Essay Thesis Chapter One: The Sound of a Shell. The first chapter concentrates on describing character personalities. Ralph, Piggy, Jack and the rest of the choir are introduced after Ralph blows the conch. The group elects Ralph, the chief and they begin to establish rules and boundaries. Ralph, Jack and Simon explore the island and begin plans for shelters from the weather. The trio find that the island is a fertile place. It has natural fruit, fresh water and wild pigs which could be hunted as a form of meat. Piggy is immediately ostracized from the group and Ralph also decides that a bonfire on the mountain should be lit permanently on the mountain as a constant smoke signal. Chapter Two: Fire on the Mountain. Ralph calls another meeting to discuss the fire on the mountain. Jack decides forming a hunting party to hunt pigs. A small boy claims to have seen a serpent-like beast, but the idea is quickly discarded after Ralph and Jack convince the group otherwise. The group hurriedly rushes to the mountain and collects wood for a fire, which breaks up the meeting. At first the boys have nothing to light the fire, until Jack robs Piggy of his glasses and uses them to magnify the suns rays to heat the tinder-dry wood. The fire, although majestic, unfortunately only generates a tiny amount of smoke, so the boys stack green branches on to get more smoke. At the next meeting, Ralph decides that more rules should be introduced, including groups to be set out for specific tasks (e.g. Shelters, Fire, Hunting). Also, Piggy brings up a subject of concern. He reveals that one child is missing, and the group fear for his life. Chapter Three: Huts on the Beach. Ralph and Simon start to build shelters on their own and become angry because of the amount of kids who wont help. Ralph and Jack chat about each others views of their predicaments, and find that they are very different. Jack starts to become obsessed with hunting and killing pigs and loses sight of their goal- to be rescued. The younger children spend more and more time playing and less and less time helping. Chapter Four: Painted Faces and Long Hair. The hunters start painting themselves to stay camouflaged from their targets. Piggy suggests making a sundial to tell the time, but has no support. A ship sails past the island but doesnt notice the boys because Jacks choir had let the fire out completely. The boys had lost interest in the fire and decided to go hunting instead. This makes Ralph angry. Jack and his hunters catch a pig, but Ralph doesnt care. Jack re-lights the fire and prepares the pigs meat for a feast. Ralph is still not satisfied and calls a meeting down on the platform, beneath the mountain. Chapter Five: Beast from Water. Ralph calls a meeting, still using the conch system to give kids the right to talk. He tells the group that there idea of water carriers quickly became boring to them and that shelters were being slept in by all but only two people were making them. He was also displeased with the younger children, expelling bodily waste wherever they pleased, instead of in the rock, near the bathing pool, as they agreed. This brought a chorus of laughter. The conversation soon switched to the beast. Some, even most of the group had doubts on whether it was just a figment of the littleuns imaginations. Jack talks out of turn and this sparks a verbal brawl between Jack and Ralph. The group now starts to go their separate ways- either with Jack, or Ralph. Jacks hunters decide to hunt the beast and settle the mind of the young kids. .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c , .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .postImageUrl , .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c , .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c:hover , .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c:visited , .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c:active { border:0!important; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c:active , .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d82884de1b35cf852df20f0fbeb007c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Water Quality - Lab#4 EssayChapter Six: Beast from Air. Ralph and his friends fetch wood for the fire. Later that night, the twins rush to Ralph and Piggy and tell them that they have seen the beast. They ask to use their spears. Ralph went with the other to hunt for the beast. They venture into the jungle and into a cave but find nothing. Jack decides that the cave is a good place for a fort. The boys start to

Diversity in a contemporary business

Introduction Companies ought to appreciate and recognize diversity as a strategy to achieve their objectives in the contemporary business environment. Appreciation of diversity in the work place and in the context of organization’s operations reflects company’s flexibility and acceptance of change. Companies that embrace diversity acquire a competitive edge that is necessary for success.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Diversity in a contemporary business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such companies as IBM and PepsiCo have reaped numerous benefits owing to their ability to make strategies that recognize workforce that is diverse in terms of race, nationality and gender. This paper highlights the positive attributes associated with diversity, which has become the modern key to organizations’ success. Besides, the paper will explore the importance of diversity by making inferences f rom Agility Corporation. Positive Attributes of Diversity as a Strategy Firms do not adopt diversity in order to comply with various policies, laws and regulations alone. On the contrary, diversity has immense positive attributes through which companies stand to increase their revenues. First, companies that appreciate diversity are able to penetrate different global markets and acquire a competitive edge. It is important to notice that companies are now venturing in new markets both locally and internationally. When companies go global, cultural diversity challenges their operations. To counter the challenges, companies increase their racial, nationality and gender composition of their staff and workforce. Porter (1996) explicates that diversity does not only focus on the workforce but also on the target market. Diversity in the organization will therefore reflect the diversity of the market. According to Thomas (2004), diversity has become a bridge between an organization and the customers. In other words, he explains that an organization is likely to attract a diverse set of customers when they increase diversity in the work place (Thomas, 2004). As such, diversity brings about increased number of customers from different backgrounds that translate to increased revenues. Second, appreciating diversity in the workplace motivates employees, leading to high retention rates as well as improved job commitment (Mintzberg, 1987). In the contemporary world, companies are attempting to minimize costs associated with job training for new employees. Retention therefore has proved to be a strategy through which companies evade these costs.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By appreciating diversity in workplace, a company creates an environment where all members of the workforce across all departments and supply chain are appreciated. This is despite the ir differences in gender, racial or ethnic affiliations. Companies are now taking into consideration the plight of minorities and marginalized groups and as such, the workplace has diminished various sources of discrimination. Thomas Creary (2009) explain that greater diversity within an organization is in itself a motivating factor for initially marginalized groups of employees. Mintzberg (1987) articulates that companies are making strategies that will minimize their overhead expenses. It has become apparent that organizations should outsource in areas where there is efficiency. This implies that companies will continue operating in diverse environments that will require subsequent adaptation to changes. As such, diversity depicts a company that is responsive to the organizational dynamics. Porter (1996) asserts that the organizations that are positioning themselves effectively are reducing their operational costs both in the short term as well as in the long-term. The business e nvironment at the global stage dictates that companies will seek to assume a global appeal. Without recognizing diversity as such, a company’s image is not reflective of its diversity and certainly, not positioned to take advantage of global customers. It has become efficient for companies to access high skilled employees that also increase the company’s profit margin in the long term. Diversity provides corporate organizations with an opportunity to make an analysis of their ability to respond to changes. At the outset, companies have an opportunity where managers can illustrate their leadership abilities. During the process of accepting diversity as a huge step towards achievement of organization’s goals, leaders have the mandate of going beyond the clichà © of becoming diverse and get involved in the process. Thomas (2004) says that executive teams tend to have beliefs that are contrary to their behavior and underestimate the need for a corporation to achiev e the diversity strategy. As such, diversity strategy gives an organization a chance to have a structure through which the entire workforce is educated on the important aspects of the same. Besides, it deepens the awareness of diversity by the executive team of organization. To appreciate diversity as a corporate strategy, companies involve all the key stakeholders and employees as partners in the achievement of strategic goals. This helps to promote the concept of equality and address pertinent diversity issues that may represent significant cultural change.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Diversity in a contemporary business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, Thomas (2004) points out that IBM engaged all the employees and invited constituents groups in enhancing mutual expectations, trust and influence. The company is therefore able to embrace diversity and resolve numerous outstanding iss ues that were typical in the workforce. By engaging the work force, the employees are able to underscore the issues of diversity that they feel are critical. Thomas (2004) also highlights that management of diversity is one of the important aspects used to assess the performance of managers. This positive attribute emphasizes on the ability of managers to harmonize diversity in line with the organization’s goals. Since diversity is a strategy of an organization, it is through achievement of diversity that organization is able to establish the levels to which its goals are achieved. For instance, strategic managers will adopt various critical approaches to change and the effectiveness will be reflected in the level that the company has achieved diversity (Thomas Creary, 2009). It is apparent that some unforeseen issues arise and they provide a platform for managers of diversity to exercise their abilities to counter the challenges. Importance of Diversity in Agility’s Supply Chain Agility Corporation is a logistics company that has made diversity a major strategy in their global operations. The company has appreciated diversity in its many departments. In particular, the company’s supply chain has been successful and efficient due to appreciation of diversity. This translates to increased revenues and customer needs positioning that makes the company a leader in its sector. As a strategy, diversity is important for Agility Corporation’s supply chain in various ways. First, the company has gained a competitive edge for its ability to establish changes that it can sustain. It is important to realize that Agility Corporation has been able to bring increased value to clients at a minimized cost. The company has broken cultural barriers and ventured in new business zones that it could not have operated without the diversity strategy. Although the company appreciated its superior ability to increase its efficiency and ultimately its opera tional effectiveness, diversity provides an important strategic positioning. Operation costs limited the company to specific level of efficiency and characterized the supply chain as influenced by the company’s values and beliefs.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the strategic positioning through diversity presented the company with limitless opportunities where it can increase the supply chain’s effectiveness without the challenge of culture. The company has now been able to employ myriads of employees from different areas of operations regardless of their race and ethnic background. Diversity in Agility Corporation is based on its customers’ requirements and accessibility to the company’s products and services (Porter, 1996). Through diversity, the company has been able to address the needs of various customers who belong to different ethnicity, religion and gender (Thomas Creary, 2009). This has positioned the company in line with the strategic goal of attending to the customer’s needs. Further, it is important to point out that Agility Corporation has used diversity to deliver its goods and services to their customers. As such, their supply chains have increased the effectiveness of the company parti ally because the workers assume their roles productively which, leads to the delivery of services and goods to customers in an improved way. Agility Corporation’s supply chain is a critical component of the company’s productivity. It is therefore imperative for the company to be able to retain many of its employees at different supply phases. Diversity therefore has ensured that the company is able to deliver services to specific customer segments. The retention of employees strengthens the supply chain owing to competency of the experienced employees who at many instances are able to establish meaningful and long-lasting customer relationships. This is in consideration of the fact that diversity in the workplace reflects the diversity at the market segment. The company has been able to appraise various aspects of change management to its advantage. Agility Corporation recognized that diversity in the supply chain would affect all departments of the company. To that en d, the company has been successful in implementing change by appreciating diversity as an important characteristic of modern day workforce and an organizations’ strategy. By implementing such a strategy, the leadership skills of the executives improved and consequently, they were able to help other departments to appreciate the process of change (Thomas Creary, 2009). The entire company now recognizes that the issue of change affects all members of the team and that diversity is everyone’s concern. Finally, the company has been able to increase its market penetration and enhance improved revenues owing to its strategy of diversity. The strategy differentiated the company from its competitors and helped it to gain a competitive edge that numerous firms aspire. As such, the company has seen the strategy facilitate its entrance into new markets and acquire superior supply chain that increases the reliability of the company to its customers. Conclusion Essentially, divers ity is a contemporary business concept that seeks to limit challenges brought about by cultural diversity in the context of an organization. It has various positive attributes. At the outset, diversity propels an organization towards its target market. This is by recognizing that diversity in the workplace reflects the diversity of the customers. Besides, diversity presents a company with alternative ways through which it can assess performance of managers as well as increase work commitment and motivation of the employees. Agility Corporation has adopted diversity as a strategy that positions the company to the global market. The strategy has given the company’s supply chain a competitive edge where it is able to outdo many of its competitors in the sector and remain aggressive. References Mintzberg, H. (1987). Crafting Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 87(401), 66-74. Porter, M. (1996). What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review, 2(45), 61-78. Thomas, D. Creary, S. (2009). Meeting the Diversity Challenge at PepsiCo: The Steve Reinemund Era. Harvard Business Review, 410 (24), 1-24. Thomas, D. (2004). Diversity as Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 2(67), 1-11. This research paper on Diversity in a contemporary business was written and submitted by user Haley Pennington to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Challenges and Opportunities Facing HBCUs

The Challenges and Opportunities Facing HBCUs Historically black colleges and universities, or HBCUs, encompass a wide range of institutions of higher learning. There are currently 101 HBCUs in the United States, and they range from two-year community colleges to research universities that grant doctoral degrees. Most of the schools were founded shortly after the Civil War in an effort to provide African Americans access to higher education. What Is a Historically Black College or University? HBCUs exist because of the United States history of exclusion, segregation, and racism. With the end of slavery following the Civil War, African American citizens faced numerous challenges gaining access to higher education. Financial barriers and admissions policies made attendance at many colleges and universities nearly impossible for the majority of African Americans. As a result, both federal legislation and the efforts of church organizations worked to create institutions of higher learning that would provide access to African American students. The great majority of HBCUs were founded between the end of the Civil War in 1865 and the end of the 19th century. That said, Lincoln University (1854) and Cheyney University (1837), both in Pennsylvania, were established well before the end of slavery. Other HBCUs such as Norfolk State University (1935) and Xavier University of Louisiana (1915) were founded in the 20th century. The colleges and universities are called historically black because ever since the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s, HBCUs have been open to all applicants and have worked to diversify their student bodies. While many HBCUs still have predominantly black student populations, others do not. For example, Bluefield State College is 86% white and just 8% black. Kentucky State Universitys student population is roughly half African American.  However, it is more common for an HBCU to have a student body that is well over 90% black. Examples of Historically Black Colleges and Universities HBCUs are as diverse as the students who attend them. Some are public while others are private. Some are small liberal arts colleges while others are large research universities. Some are secular, and some are affiliated with a church. Youll find HBCUs that have a majority white student population while most have large African American enrollments. Some HBCUs offer doctoral programs, while some are two-year schools offering associate degrees. Below are a few examples that capture the range of HBCUs: Simmons College of Kentucky is a tiny college of just 203 students with ties to the American Baptist Church. The student population is 100% African American.North Carolina AT is a relatively large public university with over 11,000 students. Along with robust bachelor degree programs ranging from the arts to engineering, the school also has numerous masters and doctoral programs.Lawson State Community College in Birmingham, Alabama, is a two-year community college offering certificate programs and associate degrees in areas such as engineering technology, health professions, and business.Xavier University of Louisiana  is a private Roman Catholic university with 3,000 students enrolled in bachelor, masters and doctoral programs.Tougaloo College in Mississippi is a private liberal arts college of 860 students. The college is affiliated with the United Church of Christ, although it describes itself as church-related but not church controlled. Challenges Facing Historically Black Colleges and Universities As a result of  affirmative action, civil rights legislation, and changing attitudes towards race, colleges, and universities across the United States are actively working to enroll qualified African American students. This access to educational opportunities across the country is obviously a good thing, but it has had consequences for HBCUs. Even though there are over 100 HBCUs in the country, less than 10% of all African American college students actually attend an HBCU. Some HBCUs are struggling to enroll enough students, and roughly 20 colleges have closed in the last 80 years. More are likely to close in the future because of enrollment declines and fiscal crises. Many HBCUs also face challenges with retention and persistence. The mission of many HBCUs- to provide access to higher education to populations that have historically been  underrepresented  and disadvantaged- creates its own hurdles. While it is clearly worthwhile and admirable to provide opportunities for students, the results can be discouraging when a significant percentage of matriculated students are ill-prepared to succeed in college-level coursework. Texas Southern University, for example, has just a 6% four-year graduation rate, Southern University in New Orleans has a 5% rate, and numbers in the low teens and single digits are not unusual. The Best HCBUs While the challenges facing many HCBUs are significant, some schools are flourishing. Spelman College  (a womens college) and Howard University tend to top the national rankings of HCBUs. Spelman, in fact, has the highest graduation rate of any Historically Black College, and it also tends to win high marks for social mobility. Howard is a prestigious research university that grants hundreds of doctoral degrees every year. Other notable Historically Black Colleges and Universities include Morehouse College (a mens college), Hampton University, Florida AM, Claflin University, and Tuskegee University. Youll find impressive academic programs and rich co-curricular opportunities at these schools, and youll also find that the overall value tends to be high.

What My Parents Told Me (How I learnt about sexuality) Essay

What My Parents Told Me (How I learnt about sexuality) - Essay Example That solely depends on one’s experiences. The experiences of one who has been sexually abused in the childhood or at the hands of a spouse can never be compared to those experienced by one who has always seen healthy romantic and sexual relationships. Love or hate about sex depends on how one perceives sex, and how one experiences sex in life. I have always been deprived of proper sexual education right from my adolescence into my adulthood, which led to my suffering from fear of sex, and HSSD later on in life. In this paper, I reflect upon how I learned about sex and sexuality when I was an adolescent, and how the lack of parental support and sex education led to my deteriorated concept of sex. I would also reflect upon why there is a need for a full fledge program regarding sexual education in schools. I would also describe what HSSD is, to explain what I was going through. To me, sex had always been a taboo. My parents had never spoken to me openly about sex and sexual issu es. When I stepped into adolescence, sex became a mystery thing for me. With no sexual education at home or in school, I thought about sex as a dangerous activity. Aunt Sally was there to guide me a bit. She had told me to go to her if a boy approached me or tried to lure me into sexual activities. She said, â€Å"When you start feeling like you want to be kissed by a boy come to me first, you and I will discuss birth control.† She wanted to tell me about birth control; however, her warning struck me in a negative sense, so I started fearing the word of sex and thought of it as a harmful activity. I was 12 at that time. My mother had told me her stories of horrible experiences about sex, and thus, I was unconsciously fearful about the whole thing. She was sexually abused at the hands of my step-father, and for her, sex was all about a dick and getting fucked. This story got validated when I was myself raped at the age of sixteen by my boyfriend. I had become pregnant, and I l ost my child five months later. This deteriorated the concept of sex and romantic love in my view. I had my first alive child when I was eighteen, in California. Even that did not improve my concept of sex. I was afraid to indulge in sexual activities or have a partner. I lost interest in sex, which proved that I was suffering from Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSSD). My body stopped responding to physical stimuli regarding sex. I never felt like advancing to solicit sexual desires, and I cringed when the sun would set. I gained no sexual knowledge from the media. Actually, I loathed media for exposing my and many others innocent children to a wrong perception of sex. When I reflect upon my life experiences about sex, I become convinced that United States should have a national policy on sex education (Lindberg & Maddow Zimet, 2012). Many advocates are working in collaboration with individuals from health sector and sexuality education, to bring forward national sexuality educa tion standards. The main objective of these national standards and policies is to offer understandable, reliable and simple assistance on the sexual education, which is right for the age and developmental phase of students belonging to Grades K–12. There is need for such a national policy that addresses the issue of minimum core content. In other words, educators and parents need to decide what minimum level of sexuality should be taught to what age. Should a second grader be taught what AIDS means and how it is transmitted? Should a third grader be made familiar with the birth control programs? There is need to devise such a policy that fosters age-appropriate sex education. Without such a national policy, it is very likely that our children will keep on getting indulged in

Sheri Tepper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sheri Tepper - Essay Example The author describes the totally utopian world, over which Damocles' sword of threat hangs, since men's rule would destroy the universe completely with their nuclear weapon. To ensure the survival of all humanity, women and a few selected men have to cooperate and make constructive decisions. Women's Country a collection of villages and towns, consists mostly of women, while men life far away in warrior garrisons, which resemble Spartan encampments where life is composed of the 'meaningless' demonstrations of 'honor', or, as Tepper implies, aggression and might. The author, showing her scorn to militarism, depicts another category of men - 'the servitors' , who decide to leave the garrison and join Women's country, and whose main function is impregnating women and thus continuing the life chain on the Earth. Women's Country is the source of strict order in this post-apocalypse world, since it shows some kind of organization and even bureaucracy. Whereas the men are demonstrating their ridiculous honor and decorating their garrison with ribbons, banners (and having no access to novel technologies of the women) , the women are reorganizing civilization, discovering again everything which was lost during the war. On the other hand, life is not exactly perfect in Women's Cou ntry, but its inhabitants are living their long range plan for civilizing existence and the species, and finding a refreshing attitude towards the life.That is to say, Tepper in her book is really interested in binary oppositions, such as 'war -peace' , 'man- woman', 'desctructivism - constructivism'. For instance, she casually narrates how Women's Country has got rid of homosexuality, since it was "caused by aberrant hormone levels during pregnancy" (Tepper, 1988, p.81). Tepper illustrates men and women on the opposing sides of barricade, since gender is a most strict binary in the world. Tepper makes an effort to cover over a number of controversies by calling the controlling women's assembly the Damned Few (ibid, p.11). To my view, this 'label' has its explanation - these women are 'damned' since they attempt to rebel against their social roles (and, presumably, against their femininity), which have been existing for ages and destroy the inner world order.As for me, Tepper in her book illustrates the evil of war, using, among other tools, a powerful device of 'a ply within the narrative', dealing with Trojan War in the play 'Iphigenia at Ilium'. The author clearly shows the status of woman at the times of Ancient Greece: Iphigenia is sacrificed for the sake of good sailing weather, Polyxena dies at the tomb of Achilles, Hector's little son is killed only because he is the son of the defeated political leader. Thus, the play is the reflection Tepper's personal attitudes towards war and cruelty., which are hard to explain in depth because of the complexity of human nature. On the other hand, 'Iphigenia at Ilium' can be seen as a representation of the values attributed to women of the Women's Country as well as to men of the encampments. As the plot of the novel develops, one might see changing structure of the society, values and emotions, which are parallelized to those from 'Iphigenia at Ili

Concepts of Islamic Marriage

Concepts of Islamic Marriage 1.0 Introduction. The Muslims do not see the house as a static entity. As the environment for the generation of life, it is itself a living and dynamic entity. Hence waala talk of the need to continually build up the house. This task needs a man and woman in order to be accomplished. As a Waala saying goes, it needs a man and a woman to build a house, For whilst the man digs the soil the woman provides the water without which he cannot make the motar for the building. Here again, we see how, in a nuanced way, the waala refer both to the sexual division of labor in the putting up of a physical house and the cooperation of the sexes in the generation of children within the social house. In this way, I have the double reference to the house as a physical and social entity. Through these statements, Waala acknowledge the importance of marriage. However they do not see marriage as establishing a household. Waala believe that the House has already been setup by the forebears. It is a task of the descendants to keep the house in existence. Marriage is thus a necessary means of keeping the house a lived through history. Hence a young man is said to take a wife (depogaa) into his house whilst a young girl homes a houseband (kulisira). Girls are destined to marry outside their own patriling into another persons house and thus educated to help build their husbands houses even if they are never considered full members in it. Infact, the remaining members of their own patriclan are expected to be responsible and respectable ambassadors of their own families within their husbands own. Throughout the world and through out history there have been, and still are, a variety of matrimonial systems each of which is the fruit of inventiveness and adaptation to local cir cumstances. The Islamic marriage system is one of them, it has its peculiarities and specific characteristics, carved out by tradition. For the Muslims, marriage is the union of a man and a woman, having in mind the reciprocal services of domestic life and the procreation of children, this union is made possible through the mutual agreement between the kinship group of the man and the woman. Therefore, marriage is not just the affairs of the man and the woman, for the bond that unites them as husband and wife unites at the same time their two lineage groups. Man alone is incomplete and more so the woman, they are like two halves of a Calabash which have to be reunited to have a whole Calabash. The complete human being is the couple (man and woman) and it has been like that since the beginning. For the two, it is the accession to their true maturity especially if their union results in an offspring; Marriage is the fine threshold to cross on earth in the growth through childhood. Celibacy always conserves something if childish immaturity in the eyes of the society. The relation husband-wife is therefore constitutive of the human being and marriage which creates this relation is thus greatly varied. 1.2 Backgrounds to the study Islam recognizes values of sex and advocates marriage. Islam does not believe in celibacy. The prophet of Islam has said marriage is my sunnah (that is recommended action of the prophet) and whoever does not follow my sunnah is not true follower (Ibn Haiah Basum Nilah) All has commanded the Muslims to marry. (Quran 24:33) in Islam, marriage is considered as one of the essential element of adulthood in Islamic context. And marriage is also considered as an essentially a contract. In Islam, both Muslim men and women must satisfy certain conditions before one can go into marriage. The conditions include: There must be a clear proposal There must be a clear acceptance There must be at least the competent. After satisfying the about conditions, the marriage must be witness by the competent persons from both the mans family and the womens family. Respectively. It is necessary to exclude illicit sex and to safeguard legitimacy of progeny. It is recommended that marriage should be widely publicized. The heart of marriage is the marriage gift, little or more, by the bridegroom to the bride. Dowry or marriage gift by bridegroom to the bribe is a symbolic expression of the grooms cognizance of the economic responsibilities of marriage and of his readiness to assume all responsibilities subsequent to marriage Dowry is not any price paid either to wife or family of the wife. Dowry should be estimated according to the circumstances with emphasis on moderation. The prophet (S. A. W.) is reported to have said that the most blessed marriage is that which is least costly and most easy. Marriage is usually a group affair and the ceremony involves, besides the couple and their immediate relations distant kinsfolk, neighbors and friends. Nor is their involvement limited to the ceremony. It is necessary during the preliminary negotiations which culminate in the ceremony. That is why it is said that Ghanaian marriage is between families and not individuals. This view has added significance because in our extended system, the interest of the relatives in the marriage means that the two families have become affirnal real kin of the two sides. Nukunya (2003). According to G. E. kpiebaya the word Bride price instead of the usual word dowry for a reason. The word dowry is often used to refer to the practice among many Africans peoples of giving some goods in exchange for a wife, but strictly speaking, dowry is the money, or the property a woman brings to her husband at marriage. In Africa, in general, it is the boy, not the girl who brings money, property and services to the girls family. In my candle opinion, the Bride price or Bride health is the consideration (thus the benefit to the bridegroom. The consideration paid by the bride should be within the limit of the bride and should be recommended by Islam advocates and confined within the teachings of Islam. The importance of the dowry (bride price, bride health) can not be overemphaised. The bride price is never seen traditionally as payment for the girl, but as an indemnity to the family (kpiebaya), payment of the dowry (bride price, bride health) is a symbolic of the marriage procedure and finally legalize the marriage contract. Once the bride price has been paid by the bride, it confers sexual rights on both parties. Since lslam discourage celibacy. Payments of the dowry also legitimize the unborn children and also the dowry serves as a stabiser to the marriage for once the girls people have receiued it they are not readily prepared to retune it should a breakdown occur. It is therefore in their interest to maintain the marriage (G. E. kpiebaaya). Walimah is a food reception which follows the consummation of the marriage, to make it public. It is offered by the parents of the married couple, by their friends, or by the newly married couple themselves. Friends, relatives, and neighbors are usually invited. This food reception should be within the means of the couple and recommended by lslam. The companion Anas reported that the prophet (S. A. W. ) Saw a trace of yellow on Abd Ar Bahaman /bn Awf, and asked: what is this? He answered: l got married. The prophet (S.A.W.) said: may Allah make it a blessing for you. Make a Walimah, even with only sheep.(Al-Bukhari,Muslim,Al-Tirmizi,Abu Dawood and Malik) . In human life, every human being good through three (3) importance stages in life and each of these stages is marked with celebration and other financial commitment. The stages include: Out- adoring ceremony. Adulthood and marriage ceremony. Death and funeral ceremony. The celebration of these activities should not bring any hardship to those performing them. Recently, the Islamic marriage institution has turn in to a financial institution where Muslims barrow with collateral security and save with a very hard sting conditions. Those Muslims who has not gotten the said collateral security cannot borrow from the Islamic marriage institution. In conclusion marriage is a religious right for Muslim brothers and sisters and this has been recommended by the messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) and His Companions. Emphasis is placed on the affordability of the Dowry (Bride pride). 1.3 Statement of the problem Allah created men and women so that they can provide company to one another, have one another, procreate children and live in peace and tranquility to the commandments of Allah and the directions of His messenger. Nature has so arranged that man and woman are attracted toward each other. This natural attraction binds them together and leads them to live a common life and form a family. This natural tendency or the instinct of sex, like any other instinct, should be guided to the right direction so that it may be utilized in the service of humanity. In the wake of keen desire to established conjugal relations between them selves, man and woman enter into a contract known as marriage or matrimonial contract. This contract has great importance in human life, for it unites the existence of two persons in many ways. It lays the foundation of the life of a human infant and deeply influences his body, life, thought and future actions. That is why a marriage contract is regarded a sacred by various nations and enough attention has been paid in different legal systems to the question connected with it. Islam has also attached great importance to the question of marriage in its social system. In the holy Quran and the sayings of the holy prophet and the imams we find that marriage has been greatly encouraged. The holy prophet has been reported to have said No institution of island is liked by Allah more than that of marriage. Despite the numerous importance marriage in Islamic context. Individual Muslims have tend it into money ventures making it very difficult for afford this huge sum of money to go into marriage. The introduction of new concepts into the Islamic marriage has created difficulties for those who can afford and stand the test of time. The concept include:, showing of identical clothes, hiring of canopies, expensive dowry, hiring of record dance (stero) and among others is an indication that new concepts have been added to the in stilton of marriage besides its traditional concepts due to individual perusal interest. This practices and concepts currently introduced into the Islamic marriage have undermined the integrity of Islam as a religion. I there for urged every meaning, concerned and patriotic Muslim to stand elementally against these practices.. Mr. Daud Baaba Adidas delivered a paper on Islamic marriage, radio progress current affairs. 1.4 Research question (s) Main research question What are the impacts of the commercialization of marriage on Islamic marriage? Sub-question: How is Islamic marriage contracted? What are the essential requirements of Islamic marriage? Are there changes to the essential requirements of Islamic marriage? What are the impacts of these changes on Islamic marriage? 1.5 Research objective (s) Main research objective To assess the impact of commercialization of marriage on Islamic marriage Sub-objectives To identify the procedure of Islamic marriage To identify the requirements of Islamic marriage To determine the changes in procedure and requirements of Islamic marriage overtime. To assess the impact of these changes and Islamic marriage. 1.6 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH This research is intended to examine the factors or Circumstances that led the commercialization of the Islamic marriage which currently made very difficult for Young Mushin boys and girls to go into marriage as prescribed by the Holy Book (Quran). The findings the research will be made available to the Islamic Communities and other interested bodies and institutions. CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Literature review This chapter will consist of two (2) Termantic areas. Thus theoretical Framework which comprise previous literature undertook by prominent scholars, journals textbooks both published and non-published on: The procedure on Islamic marriage The requirements of Islamic marriage The changes in procedure and requirement of Islamic marriage The impact of the recent changes in procedure and requirement on Islamic marriage. The second phase of this chapter is the conceptual framework of the procedures and requirements of Islamic marriage. Chapter Three Methodology 3.0 Introduction This chapter deals with the description of the study design; study Area, Population sampling method, sampling Size. Data Collection Approach, interview. and questionnaire 3.1 Study design The research design will follow the following pattern, the topic or title, introduction, Background, problem analysis or statement of the problem, the research question, the research objective , Literature Review, Methodology, Findings and discussion of sub-objectives, conclusion, Recommendations and References. Ha win C (1989), Research Design strategies and choices in the design of social research. Pathways Analysis (Dietz) 3.2 Study Area: WA municipality especially WA township where the practice of the commercialization of marriage on the Islamic Institution is the most affected area. Wa Municipal is one of the nine (9) Districts in the Upper West Region. 3.3 Secondary Data The researcher intended to collect data from the following sources; papers delivered by prominent Islamic scholars, Islamic scholars who have researched into Islamic marriage, Articles publications and son on. 3.4 Population The population of the research will be the Muslim community in Wa Township and it environs. 3.5 Sampling Method; Two main sampling method or technique would be adopted thus; stratified random sampling and purposive sampling procedure Stratified random sampling: In stratified sampling, the sampler divides the population into homogeneous unites. That is to say, if the sampler has any reason to believe that the population has many dissimilar elements or individuals, 3.6 Sample Size The sample size is the number of respondents the researcher will be dealing within the population. Two hundred (200) respondents is targeted 3.7 Data Collection Approach; The researcher intended to use one main methods which include; and questionnaire. The research findings will be both qualitative and quantitative 3.8Questionnaires Formal questions will be framed and written down for the respondents to provide the answers. As a method for data collection, questionnaire is and efficient way to collect statistically quantifiable information. The researcher intended to use an open- ended question. Open-ended questions give flexibility in answering questions. Respondents can express themselves as fully as they wish. The researcher intended to administer one hundred and fifty (150) questionnaires. Network Analysis ( Long 1989, Cees Lewis 1990, Villareal 1990) PROPOSED BUDGET Component Quantity Unit price Totals A-4 Sheet Five (5) 45.00 22.50 Type setting and photocopy of questionnaire One hundred and fifty GHÂÂ ¢7 for type setting (a) 10p per photo copy (a) 100 questionnaires 1050 Field Assistance Four (4) 50.00 200.00 Digital Camera for research purpose One 1 350.00 350.00 Final typesetting of thesis work One 1 200.00 200.00 Photo copy of thesis work Five (5) 20.00 100.00 Type setting of Interviews questions Fifty (50) GHÂÂ ¢7 for the setting 70 Allowance for secretary One 1 50.00 50.00 Photocopy of interview questions Fifty 70Gp for 50 3.50 Traveling Transport for researcher Five (5) gallons of petrol 5.30 26.50 Miscellaneous 174.00 TOTALS 2,246.50 Note: This Budget is subject to amendment and review depending on the prices of component at the time of the thesis writing PROPOSED TIME AND COMPLETION OF THESIS Activity Time frame Gathering of Data December 2010 January 2010 Analysis of data February March 2010 Write up of final thesis 1stApril 2010 30thApril 2010 Submission of thesis to the faculty 1stMay 2010 31stMay 2010